Mold Glossary

Clear definitions for mold, testing, health, and remediation terms. Search by keyword or browse by category.

343 terms

Mold Species

Acremonium (aka Acremonium strictum, Cephalosporium) Mold Species: Slow-growing mold often found in humidifiers, cooling coils, and window sealants. Starts as small moist mold, becomes powdery. Can cause infections. Learn more
aerosolization (aka aerosolize, airborne dispersal) Mold Species: Process of mold spores becoming suspended in air where they can be inhaled. Disturbance of mold colonies during cleaning or demolition increases aerosolization risk. Learn more
Alternaria (aka A. alternata, A. brassicicola, A. solani) Mold Species: Common outdoor mold and significant allergen. Dark green to brown, woolly texture. One of the most potent mold allergens, linked to asthma. Learn more
Arthrinium (aka Arthrinium phaeospermum) Mold Species: Common outdoor fungus found on dead plant material. Dark lenticular spores. Occasionally found indoors but rarely significant. Learn more
Ascospores (aka ascomycete spores) Mold Species: Sexual spores from ascomycete fungi. Released after rain. Common in outdoor air. Many indoor molds like Aspergillus and Penicillium are ascomycetes. Learn more
Aspergillus (aka A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger) Mold Species: Common indoor mold genus with 180+ species. Found in dust, HVAC systems, and damp areas. Can cause aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. Learn more
Aureobasidium (aka Aureobasidium pullulans, A. pullulans) Mold Species: Often found on painted surfaces, window frames, and caulking. Starts pink/cream, turns dark brown to black with age. Common on bathroom tiles. Learn more
Basidiospores (aka basidiomycete spores, mushroom spores) Mold Species: Spores from mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs, and rusts. Very common in outdoor air. High indoor counts suggest outdoor infiltration or wood decay. Learn more
Blastomyces (aka Blastomyces dermatitidis, B. dermatitidis) Mold Species: Causes blastomycosis. Found in moist soil and decaying wood. Endemic to Great Lakes, Ohio/Mississippi valleys. Thermal dimorphic fungus. Learn more
Botrytis (aka Botrytis cinerea, B. cinerea, gray mold) Mold Species: Known as gray mold. Common plant pathogen found on decaying plants and fruits. Can trigger allergic reactions. Used in production of certain wines. Learn more
Candida (aka Candida albicans, C. albicans, C. glabrata) Mold Species: Yeast found on human body and in environment. Causes candidiasis (thrush, yeast infections). C. auris is emerging drug-resistant pathogen. Learn more
Chaetomium (aka Chaetomium globosum, C. globosum) Mold Species: Water damage indicator found on wet cellulose materials. Starts white/gray, darkens with age. Often found alongside Stachybotrys. Musty odor. Learn more
Cladosporium (aka C. cladosporioides, C. sphaerospermum, C. herbarum) Mold Species: Most abundant mold in outdoor air, very common indoors. Olive-green to brown. Can grow at cooler temperatures than most molds. Common allergen. Learn more
Coccidioides (aka Coccidioides immitis, C. immitis, C. posadasii) Mold Species: Causes coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever). Found in desert soils of southwestern US. Thermal dimorphic. Can be severe or fatal. Learn more
colonization (aka mold colonization, colony establishment) Mold Species: Establishment of active mold growth on a surface. Begins after spore germination and involves hyphal growth. Visible colonies appear within 3-12 days. Learn more
conidiophore (aka conidia, conidium) Mold Species: Specialized structure that produces and releases asexual spores (conidia). Shape and arrangement used for mold identification under microscope.
Cryptococcus (aka Cryptococcus neoformans, C. neoformans, C. gattii) Mold Species: Encapsulated yeast found in soil and bird droppings. Causes cryptococcosis, cryptococcal meningitis. Major pathogen in immunocompromised. Learn more
Curvularia (aka Curvularia lunata, C. lunata, C. geniculata) Mold Species: Found in tropical/subtropical regions. Dark brown to black dematiaceous mold. Can cause allergic reactions, sinusitis, and occasionally infections. Learn more
dematiaceous mold (aka dematiaceous fungi, dark-walled mold) Mold Species: Molds with dark-pigmented (melanized) cell walls. Includes Alternaria, Cladosporium, Curvularia. Pigment provides UV protection. Can cause phaeohyphomycosis.
dormant (aka dormancy, inactive mold) Mold Species: State where mold spores or growth is alive but not actively growing. Occurs when conditions become unfavorable. Revives when moisture returns. Learn more
Drechslera (aka Bipolaris, Helminthosporium) Mold Species: Plant pathogen also found indoors on water-damaged materials. Dark colored dematiaceous mold. Can cause allergic fungal sinusitis. Learn more
Epicoccum (aka Epicoccum nigrum, E. purpurascens) Mold Species: Common outdoor mold that enters buildings via air. Orange, yellow, or brown colonies with black center. Known allergen but rarely causes infections. Learn more
Exophiala (aka Exophiala dermatitidis, E. jeanselmei, Wangiella) Mold Species: Black yeast found in humid environments, drains, and dishwashers. Can cause phaeohyphomycosis. Neurotropic species can cause brain infections. Learn more
fungus (aka fungi, fungal) Mold Species: Kingdom of organisms including molds, yeasts, and mushrooms. Mold is a type of fungus that grows as multicellular filaments. Over 100,000 species exist. Learn more
Fusarium (aka F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. moniliforme) Mold Species: Found in water-damaged buildings and soil. Can appear pink, white, or red. Known plant pathogen. Can cause keratitis and infections in immunocompromised. Learn more
genus (aka genera) Mold Species: Taxonomic rank grouping related mold species. For example, Aspergillus is a genus containing over 180 species. Most mold testing identifies to genus level. Learn more
Geotrichum (aka Geotrichum candidum) Mold Species: Yeast-like fungus found in soil, dairy products, and human skin. White to cream colored. Can cause opportunistic infections (geotrichosis). Learn more
germination (aka germinate, spore germination) Mold Species: Process where dormant mold spores begin active growth when conditions are favorable. Requires moisture, suitable temperature. Can occur within 24-48 hours. Learn more
Histoplasma (aka Histoplasma capsulatum, H. capsulatum) Mold Species: Causes histoplasmosis. Found in soil enriched with bird/bat droppings. Endemic to Ohio/Mississippi River valleys. Thermal dimorphic. Learn more
hyphae (aka hypha, hyphal growth, mold filaments) Mold Species: Thread-like filaments that form the body of mold. Grow into materials to absorb nutrients. Visible hyphae indicate active growth, not just settled spores.
Memnoniella (aka Memnoniella echinata, Stachybotrys echinata) Mold Species: Closely related to Stachybotrys. Found on water-damaged cellulose. Produces similar mycotoxins (satratoxins). Often co-occurs with Stachybotrys. Learn more
mildew (aka surface mildew, powdery mildew) Mold Species: Common term for light-colored surface mold that thrives in warm, humid areas like bathrooms. Indicates moisture and needs cleaning plus ventilation. Learn more
mold growth (aka visible mold growth, active mold growth) Mold Species: Active colonization after spores germinate on a damp surface. Requires moisture, organic food, and suitable temperature. Visible growth can appear within days. Learn more
Mucor (aka Mucor racemosus, M. circinelloides, Mucormycete) Mold Species: Fast-growing zygomycete found in soil and decaying matter. Can cause mucormycosis in immunocompromised. Appears white or grayish, cottony texture. Learn more
mycelium (aka mold colony, fungal mat) Mold Species: Mass of interconnected hyphae forming the visible mold colony. The main body of the fungus. What you see as fuzzy growth on surfaces.
Myxomycetes (aka slime mold, slime molds, myxomycete) Mold Species: Not true molds but protists. Often reported in mold testing. Found on decaying organic matter, mulch, lawns. Generally not considered health hazards. Learn more
Nigrospora (aka Nigrospora sphaerica, N. oryzae) Mold Species: Found on plant materials and soil. Produces distinctive jet-black spores. Common in outdoor air samples. Occasionally colonizes indoor materials. Learn more
organic matter (aka organic material, carbon-containing material) Mold Species: Carbon-based materials that mold uses as food source. Includes wood, paper, fabric, drywall paper. Essential for mold growth alongside moisture. Learn more
Paecilomyces (aka Paecilomyces variotii, P. lilacinus, Purpureocillium) Mold Species: Found in soil and decaying plant material. Can cause hyalohyphomycosis in immunocompromised. Yellow to brown or violet colonies. Learn more
Penicillium (aka P. chrysogenum, P. expansum, P. digitatum) Mold Species: Extremely common indoor mold with 300+ species. Blue-green, velvety appearance. Source of penicillin antibiotic. Spreads rapidly with musty odor. Learn more
perithecia (aka perithecium, fruiting body) Mold Species: Flask-shaped sexual fruiting body producing ascospores. Found in Chaetomium with characteristic hair-like appendages. Indicates mature mold growth. Learn more
phialide (aka phialides) Mold Species: Flask-shaped cell that produces spores in Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Stachybotrys. Spores form at tip and release successively. Key identification feature. Learn more
Phoma (aka Phoma herbarum, P. glomerata) Mold Species: Common soil fungus and plant pathogen. Found on painted surfaces and damp materials. Dark brown to black pycnidia. Can cause subcutaneous infections. Learn more
Pithomyces (aka Pithomyces chartarum, P. chartarum) Mold Species: Found on dead grass and plant material. Produces sporidesmin mycotoxin causing facial eczema in livestock. Dark brown muriform spores. Learn more
Rhizopus (aka Rhizopus stolonifer, R. oryzae, R. arrhizus) Mold Species: Common bread mold. Fast-growing zygomycete with black sporangia. Found on decaying food and soil. Can cause mucormycosis in immunocompromised. Learn more
Scopulariopsis (aka Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, S. brevicaulis) Mold Species: Found in soil, decaying wood, and water-damaged materials. Can produce arsenic gas (trimethylarsine) from arsenic-containing wallpaper. Brown to tan. Learn more
sporangia (aka sporangium, spore sac) Mold Species: Sac-like structure containing spores in certain molds like Rhizopus and Mucor. Releases spores when mature. Used in microscopic identification. Learn more
spore (aka mold spore, fungal spore, spores) Mold Species: Reproductive unit of mold, like a seed. Microscopic (2-100 microns). Always present in air. Germinate when landing on moist organic material. Learn more
Stachybotrys (aka Stachybotrys chartarum, S. chartarum, Stachybotrys atra) Mold Species: Known as "black mold." Requires chronic moisture and cellulose materials. Grows slowly. Despite media attention, CDC treats it like any other mold. Learn more
Stemphylium (aka Stemphylium botryosum, S. vesicarium) Mold Species: Plant pathogen found on decaying vegetation. Dark brown muriform spores. Common in outdoor air, occasionally found indoors. Similar to Ulocladium. Learn more
Talaromyces (aka Talaromyces marneffei, Penicillium marneffei) Mold Species: Formerly Penicillium marneffei. Causes penicilliosis in immunocompromised, especially in Southeast Asia. Thermal dimorphic fungus. Learn more
Torula (aka Torula herbarum) Mold Species: Found on decaying wood and plant material. Dark brown to black chains of spores. Common in outdoor air. Can colonize damp indoor materials. Learn more
Trichoderma (aka T. viride, T. harzianum, Trichoderma viride) Mold Species: Common in damp buildings, appears as green colonies. Often found on wet wood and drywall. Some species produce mycotoxins. Biocontrol agent in agriculture. Learn more
Ulocladium (aka U. chartarum, U. botrytis, Ulocladium chartarum) Mold Species: Requires high water activity (Aw > 0.89). Found in severely water-damaged buildings. Dark brown to black. Often confused with Alternaria or Stemphylium. Learn more
Wallemia (aka Wallemia sebi, W. sebi, W. muriae) Mold Species: Xerophilic (dry-loving) mold found in low-moisture environments. Brown colonies. Can grow on dried foods, hay, and in HVAC systems. Unique basidiomycete. Learn more
xerophilic mold (aka xerophile, dry-loving mold) Mold Species: Molds that can grow at low water activity (Aw < 0.85). Examples: Aspergillus restrictus, Wallemia sebi. Can grow on dried foods and in HVAC systems.

Health Terms

ABPA (aka allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, bronchopulmonary aspergillosis) Health Terms: Allergic lung disease from Aspergillus colonization, primarily in asthmatics and cystic fibrosis patients. Causes wheezing, cough, bronchiectasis. Requires antifungal treatment. Learn more
ACMT (aka American College of Medical Toxicology) Health Terms: Professional organization of physicians specializing in medical toxicology. Their 2024 position statement addresses mold exposure, emphasizing allergic rather than toxic effects. Learn more
aflatoxins (aka aflatoxin, aflatoxin B1, AFB1) Health Terms: Potent mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Class 1 carcinogen (liver cancer). Primary concern is food contamination. Learn more
albuterol (aka salbutamol, ProAir, Ventolin) Health Terms: Short-acting beta-agonist rescue inhaler medication. Used for quick relief of asthma symptoms including those triggered by mold exposure. Learn more
allergen (aka mold allergen, fungal allergen) Health Terms: Substance causing allergic reaction. Mold allergens include spores, fragments, proteins, MVOCs. Different species have different allergenic potential. Learn more
allergic fungal sinusitis (aka AFS, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, AFRS) Health Terms: Chronic sinusitis caused by allergic reaction to fungi. Characterized by thick "allergic mucin" with eosinophils. Often requires surgery. Learn more
allergic rhinitis (aka hay fever, allergic rhinosinusitis, nasal allergy) Health Terms: Inflammation of nasal passages caused by allergens including mold spores. Symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, congestion, itchy eyes. Affects ~30% of adults. Learn more
allergist (aka allergist/immunologist, allergy specialist) Health Terms: Physician specializing in allergic conditions and immune system disorders. Can test for mold allergies using skin prick or blood tests. Learn more
anaphylaxis (aka anaphylactic reaction, anaphylactic shock) Health Terms: Severe, potentially fatal allergic reaction. Rare with mold but possible in highly sensitized individuals. Requires immediate epinephrine treatment. Learn more
anosmia (aka loss of smell, smell loss, hyposmia) Health Terms: Reduced or absent sense of smell. Can result from chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, or direct damage from fungi. Sometimes permanent.
antifungal (aka antifungals, antifungal medication, antimycotic) Health Terms: Medications treating fungal infections. Include azoles (fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole), echinocandins, and amphotericin B. Used for invasive infections.
antihistamine (aka antihistamines, allergy medication) Health Terms: Medications blocking histamine receptors to reduce allergy symptoms. First-line treatment for mold allergies. Includes cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine.
aspergilloma (aka mycetoma, pulmonary aspergilloma) Health Terms: Mass of Aspergillus hyphae growing in preexisting lung cavity (from TB, sarcoid, etc.). May be asymptomatic or cause hemoptysis. Treatment may require surgery.
aspergillosis (aka invasive aspergillosis, ABPA, aspergilloma) Health Terms: Spectrum of diseases caused by Aspergillus. Includes allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), aspergilloma, and invasive disease in immunocompromised. Learn more
asthma (aka allergic asthma, mold-induced asthma) Health Terms: Chronic respiratory condition with airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. Mold is established trigger. Exposure linked to asthma development and exacerbation. Learn more
atopy (aka atopic, atopic disease) Health Terms: Genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases (asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis). Atopic individuals more likely to develop mold sensitization.
beta-glucan (aka β-glucan, fungal beta-glucan, glucan) Health Terms: Polysaccharide in fungal cell walls. Triggers immune response. Used as biomarker for mold exposure. May contribute to inflammatory symptoms. Learn more
biologic therapy (aka biologics, biologic medications, monoclonal antibodies) Health Terms: Advanced medications targeting specific immune pathways for severe asthma or allergies. Examples include omalizumab (Xolair) for allergic asthma. Expensive but effective for some patients. Learn more
blastomycosis (aka North American blastomycosis, Gilchrist's disease) Health Terms: Infection from Blastomyces dermatitidis. Found in moist soil, decaying wood. Can affect lungs, skin, bones. Endemic to Great Lakes/Mississippi valley. Learn more
blood-brain barrier (aka BBB) Health Terms: Selective membrane controlling passage of substances from blood into brain tissue. Some mycotoxins may cross this barrier, which is relevant to neurological symptom research. Learn more
bronchiectasis (aka bronchiectatic) Health Terms: Permanent widening of airways from repeated infection/inflammation. Can result from ABPA or chronic aspergillosis. Causes chronic cough, mucus production, recurrent infections. Learn more
bronchitis (aka acute bronchitis, airway inflammation) Health Terms: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes causing cough and mucus production. Symptoms consistently associated with damp indoor environments. Learn more
bronchoscopy (aka bronchoalveolar lavage, BAL) Health Terms: Procedure using scope to examine airways and collect samples. BAL fluid analyzed for fungi, eosinophils, other markers. Used for diagnosing aspergillosis.
bronchospasm (aka bronchial spasm, airway constriction) Health Terms: Sudden constriction of airway muscles causing difficulty breathing. Triggered by mold exposure in sensitized individuals. Key symptom of allergic asthma. Learn more
candidiasis (aka yeast infection, thrush, oral thrush) Health Terms: Infection caused by Candida yeast. Includes oral thrush, vaginal yeast infections, invasive candidiasis. Common in immunocompromised patients. Learn more
CD4 count (aka CD4+ T cells, T helper cells, CD4 cell count) Health Terms: Measure of immune function in HIV/AIDS patients. Low CD4 counts (below 200 cells/mm³) indicate increased risk for opportunistic infections including invasive mold diseases. Learn more
chemotherapy (aka cancer chemotherapy, cytotoxic therapy) Health Terms: Cancer treatment using drugs that kill rapidly dividing cells. Often causes neutropenia, greatly increasing risk of invasive mold infections. Learn more
chest X-ray (aka CXR, chest radiograph) Health Terms: Basic imaging for lung evaluation. May show infiltrates in pneumonia, cavities in aspergilloma, or changes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. CT more sensitive. Learn more
chronic fatigue (aka fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome, CFS) Health Terms: Persistent exhaustion reported with mold exposure. Mechanism debated. May relate to inflammation, sleep disruption from congestion, or psychological factors.
chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (aka CPA, semi-invasive aspergillosis) Health Terms: Slowly progressive Aspergillus lung infection in patients with underlying lung disease. Causes cavities, fibrosis. Requires long-term antifungal therapy.
chronic rhinosinusitis (aka CRS, chronic sinus disease) Health Terms: Sinus inflammation lasting 12+ weeks. May be allergic, non-allergic, or fungal. Mold sensitization common finding. Often requires long-term management. Learn more
CIRS (aka Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, mold illness, biotoxin illness) Health Terms: Proposed condition where individuals develop multi-system symptoms from mold exposure. Diagnostic criteria remain debated. Major medical organizations note lack of rigorous validation. Learn more
coccidioidomycosis (aka cocci, San Joaquin Valley fever) Health Terms: Infection from Coccidioides. Found in desert soils of SW United States, Central/South America. Can be severe. Also called Valley fever. Learn more
cognitive symptoms (aka brain fog, memory problems, concentration difficulties) Health Terms: Reported neurological symptoms from mold exposure. Includes difficulty concentrating, memory issues, confusion. Scientific evidence limited but frequently reported.
COPD (aka chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis) Health Terms: Chronic lung disease with airflow limitation. Mold exposure can trigger exacerbations. Patients more susceptible to fungal infections. Risk factor for invasive aspergillosis. Learn more
corticosteroids (aka steroids, nasal steroids, inhaled steroids) Health Terms: Anti-inflammatory medications for allergies and asthma. Nasal sprays (fluticasone) for rhinitis, inhaled for asthma. Reduce swelling and mucus production.
cough (aka chronic cough, persistent cough) Health Terms: Common mold symptom from airway irritation or postnasal drip. May be dry or productive. Chronic if lasting >8 weeks. Should prompt investigation for mold source.
CT scan (aka computed tomography, CAT scan, chest CT) Health Terms: Detailed imaging for lung and sinus evaluation. High-resolution CT (HRCT) shows interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis. Sinus CT for chronic sinusitis.
cystic fibrosis (aka CF, mucoviscidosis) Health Terms: Genetic disease causing thick mucus in lungs. High risk for ABPA (up to 15% of CF patients) and fungal colonization. Aspergillus monitoring standard of care. Learn more
dermatophyte (aka dermatophytes, ringworm fungus, tinea) Health Terms: Fungi causing skin, hair, and nail infections (tinea/ringworm). Include Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton. Not typical indoor air molds. Learn more
diabetes (aka diabetic, uncontrolled diabetes, diabetes mellitus) Health Terms: Metabolic disease affecting blood sugar regulation. Uncontrolled diabetes increases risk for mucormycosis (black fungus) and other fungal infections, particularly in the sinuses. Learn more
disorientation (aka confusion, mental confusion, cognitive disorientation) Health Terms: State of mental confusion or impaired awareness. Reported by some individuals during mold exposure. May indicate need for medical evaluation if persistent. Learn more
dyspnea (aka shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, breathlessness) Health Terms: Uncomfortable awareness of breathing or feeling of not getting enough air. Common symptom of mold-related respiratory conditions. Learn more
eczema (aka atopic dermatitis, atopic eczema) Health Terms: Chronic inflammatory skin condition causing dry, itchy, inflamed skin. Part of the atopic triad with asthma and allergic rhinitis. May worsen with mold exposure. Learn more
eosinophils (aka eosinophilia, eosinophil) Health Terms: White blood cells involved in allergic inflammation and parasitic infections. Elevated in allergic conditions. Found in allergic mucin of AFS. Learn more
exacerbation (aka flare-up, acute exacerbation, worsening) Health Terms: Sudden worsening of existing respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD. Mold exposure is a documented trigger for asthma exacerbations requiring medical attention. Learn more
eye irritation (aka itchy eyes, watery eyes, red eyes) Health Terms: Ocular symptoms from mold spore exposure. Includes itching, redness, tearing, burning. Part of allergic response. Common complaint in moldy buildings.
fumonisins (aka fumonisin, fumonisin B1, FB1) Health Terms: Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species. Associated with esophageal cancer and neural tube defects. Found in corn products. Learn more
fungal sensitization (aka severe mold allergy, fungal hypersensitivity) Health Terms: More severe allergic response to mold than typical allergy. Can make asthma harder to control. Associated with increased disease severity and reduced quality of life. Learn more
fungal sinusitis (aka fungal rhinosinusitis, sinus fungal infection) Health Terms: Sinus infection caused by fungi. Types: allergic fungal sinusitis, fungal ball, acute/chronic invasive. Dematiaceous molds common cause. Learn more
galactomannan (aka GM test, galactomannan antigen) Health Terms: Blood test detecting Aspergillus cell wall component. Used for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised. Serial testing for monitoring.
gliotoxin Health Terms: Immunosuppressive mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus fumigatus and others. May contribute to virulence in invasive aspergillosis. Learn more
headache (aka headaches, sinus headache, migraine) Health Terms: Common symptom associated with mold exposure. May result from sinus inflammation, allergic response, or VOC exposure. Often accompanies other respiratory symptoms.
hemoptysis (aka coughing up blood, blood in sputum) Health Terms: Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract. Can occur with aspergilloma eroding into blood vessels. Requires urgent medical evaluation. Learn more
histamine (aka histamine release) Health Terms: Chemical released by mast cells causing allergy symptoms: itching, swelling, mucus production, bronchoconstriction. Antihistamines block its effects. Learn more
histoplasmosis (aka cave disease, spelunker's lung, Ohio Valley disease) Health Terms: Lung infection from Histoplasma capsulatum. Found in soil with bird/bat droppings. Endemic to Ohio/Mississippi valleys. Usually mild but can disseminate. Learn more
hypersensitivity pneumonitis (aka HP, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, EAA) Health Terms: Lung inflammation from inhaling organic dusts including mold. Can be acute or chronic. Requires repeated exposure. Examples: farmer's lung, humidifier lung. Learn more
IgE (aka immunoglobulin E, IgE antibody) Health Terms: Antibody class involved in allergic reactions. Elevated specific IgE to mold indicates sensitization. Measured by RAST or ImmunoCAP tests. Learn more
immunocompromised (aka immunosuppressed, immune deficiency) Health Terms: Weakened immune system from disease, medication, or treatment (cancer, HIV/AIDS, organ transplant, chemotherapy). Higher risk for invasive mold infections. Learn more
immunosenescence (aka immune aging, age-related immune decline) Health Terms: Age-related decline in immune system function. Makes elderly individuals more susceptible to infections including fungal diseases and less able to clear respiratory pathogens. Learn more
immunosuppressive drugs (aka immunosuppressants, anti-rejection medication) Health Terms: Medications suppressing immune function to prevent organ rejection or treat autoimmune diseases. Create vulnerability to invasive mold infections. Patients should avoid moldy environments. Learn more
immunotherapy (aka allergy shots, desensitization, SCIT) Health Terms: Treatment to reduce allergic sensitivity through controlled allergen exposure. Available for some molds (Alternaria, Cladosporium). Given as shots (SCIT) or sublingual (SLIT).
innate immune response (aka innate immunity, non-specific immunity) Health Terms: Body's first-line defense against pathogens, including inflammatory response to mold. Does not require prior exposure. Distinct from allergic (adaptive) immune response. Learn more
Institute of Medicine (aka IOM, National Academy of Medicine, NAM) Health Terms: Now called National Academy of Medicine. Issued landmark 2004 report establishing evidence-based links between indoor dampness, mold, and respiratory health effects.
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (aka IPA) Health Terms: Life-threatening Aspergillus infection in severely immunocompromised (neutropenia, transplant, chemotherapy). Invades blood vessels. Requires aggressive antifungal treatment.
itraconazole (aka Sporanox) Health Terms: Oral antifungal for aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, ABPA. First-line for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Requires liver monitoring. Drug interactions common.
keratitis (aka fungal keratitis, eye infection, corneal infection) Health Terms: Infection of the cornea that can be caused by molds including Fusarium and Aspergillus. Risk increased with contact lens use. Can cause vision loss if untreated. Learn more
leukotriene modifier (aka leukotriene receptor antagonist, montelukast, Singulair) Health Terms: Medication blocking leukotrienes, inflammatory chemicals involved in allergic asthma. May be used alongside antihistamines and inhaled steroids for mold-triggered asthma. Learn more
mast cells (aka mast cell, mastocyte) Health Terms: Immune cells that release histamine and other mediators in allergic reactions. Activated by IgE antibodies binding to allergens like mold proteins.
mucormycosis (aka zygomycosis, black fungus, rhizopus infection) Health Terms: Serious fungal infection caused by Mucorales (Mucor, Rhizopus). Primarily affects immunocompromised, diabetics. Can be rhinocerebral, pulmonary, or disseminated. Learn more
mycotoxins (aka mycotoxin) Health Terms: Toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain molds. Include aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, and fumonisins. Health effects debated for indoor exposure. Learn more
nasal congestion (aka stuffy nose, blocked nose, nasal obstruction) Health Terms: Swelling of nasal passages from allergic inflammation. Common mold symptom. May be constant in chronic exposure. Can affect sleep and quality of life.
nasal irrigation (aka sinus rinse, neti pot, saline rinse) Health Terms: Flushing nasal passages with saline solution to relieve congestion and remove allergens including mold spores. Often recommended for mold-related sinus symptoms. Learn more
nasal polyps (aka nasal polyp, polyposis) Health Terms: Soft growths in nasal passages from chronic inflammation. Associated with allergic fungal sinusitis. Cause obstruction and smell loss. May require surgical removal.
nebulizer (aka nebuliser, breathing treatment) Health Terms: Device that converts liquid medication into fine mist for inhalation. Used to deliver asthma and respiratory medications, especially for young children. Learn more
neutropenia (aka low neutrophil count, agranulocytosis) Health Terms: Abnormally low levels of neutrophils (infection-fighting white blood cells). Major risk factor for invasive aspergillosis. Common after chemotherapy. Learn more
ochratoxins (aka ochratoxin, ochratoxin A, OTA) Health Terms: Mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium. Nephrotoxic and possibly carcinogenic. Found in contaminated grains, coffee, wine. Learn more
opportunistic infection (aka opportunistic fungal infection) Health Terms: Infection caused by organisms that typically don't affect healthy individuals. Common molds can cause invasive disease in immunocompromised patients. Learn more
organ transplant (aka transplant recipient, solid organ transplant, SOT) Health Terms: Surgical procedure replacing a failing organ. Recipients require immunosuppressive drugs that increase susceptibility to invasive mold infections, particularly Aspergillus. Learn more
organic dust toxic syndrome (aka ODTS, pulmonary mycotoxicosis, grain fever) Health Terms: Acute febrile illness from inhaling high concentrations of organic dust. Symptoms within hours: fever, chills, malaise, myalgia. Non-infectious. Learn more
otitis media (aka ear infection, middle ear infection) Health Terms: Middle ear infection that can be secondary to sinusitis from mold exposure. More common in children. Eustachian tube dysfunction connects sinus and ear problems.
pathogen (aka pathogens, disease-causing organism) Health Terms: Organism capable of causing disease, including certain mold species. Aspergillus, Mucor, and other molds can act as pathogens in immunocompromised individuals. Learn more
peak flow (aka peak expiratory flow, PEF, peak flow meter) Health Terms: Simple test of maximum exhalation speed. Used for asthma monitoring. Decreased readings may indicate mold exposure triggering airway inflammation.
PEHSU (aka Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units) Health Terms: Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units. Network of experts providing consultation on children's environmental health including mold exposure in homes and schools. Learn more
phaeohyphomycosis (aka chromoblastomycosis) Health Terms: Infection caused by dematiaceous (dark-walled) fungi. Can affect skin, sinuses, brain. Often in immunocompromised. Caused by Exophiala, Alternaria, others.
pneumonia (aka lung infection, fungal pneumonia) Health Terms: Lung infection that can be caused by fungi in immunocompromised. Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, endemic fungi (Histoplasma, Coccidioides) are common causes.
postnasal drip (aka PND, mucus drainage) Health Terms: Mucus draining from sinuses into throat. Common with mold-related rhinitis and sinusitis. Causes throat clearing, cough, sore throat.
precipitins (aka Aspergillus precipitins, fungal precipitins, precipitating antibodies) Health Terms: Blood test for IgG antibodies against fungi. Positive in ABPA, aspergilloma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Indicates exposure/sensitization, not necessarily disease.
primary immunodeficiency (aka primary immunodeficiencies, inherited immune disorder, PID) Health Terms: Genetic conditions affecting immune system development or function. Includes over 400 disorders. Increases susceptibility to mold infections including invasive aspergillosis. Learn more
pulmonary fibrosis (aka lung fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, ILD) Health Terms: Scarring of lung tissue. Can result from chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis from mold exposure. Irreversible in advanced stages. Causes progressive breathlessness.
pulmonologist (aka lung specialist, respiratory physician, pulmonary specialist) Health Terms: Physician specializing in lung and respiratory conditions. Appropriate for persistent respiratory symptoms potentially related to mold exposure. Learn more
rescue inhaler (aka reliever inhaler, quick-relief inhaler, bronchodilator inhaler) Health Terms: Fast-acting medication for acute asthma symptoms. Increased use may indicate worsening asthma control, potentially from mold exposure. Learn more
satratoxins (aka satratoxin, satratoxin H, satratoxin G) Health Terms: Macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Stachybotrys chartarum. Named after S. atra. Health significance from indoor exposure debated. Learn more
sensitization (aka allergic sensitization, mold sensitization) Health Terms: Development of allergic response after exposure. Once sensitized, subsequent exposures trigger symptoms. Can be detected by skin prick or IgE tests. Learn more
sick building syndrome (aka SBS, building-related illness) Health Terms: Non-specific symptoms (headache, fatigue, respiratory irritation) associated with time in certain buildings. Multiple causes including poor ventilation and mold. Learn more
sinusitis (aka sinus infection, rhinosinusitis, chronic sinusitis) Health Terms: Inflammation of sinuses, often caused or worsened by mold exposure. Chronic sinusitis (>12 weeks) may involve fungal component. Symptoms: facial pressure, congestion, discharge. Learn more
skin prick test (aka SPT, allergy skin test, prick test) Health Terms: Allergy test placing allergen extracts on skin. Wheal (raised bump) indicates sensitization. Available for common molds. Quick results but requires stopping antihistamines. Learn more
skin rash (aka dermatitis, skin irritation, hives) Health Terms: Skin reactions from mold contact or allergy. Includes contact dermatitis from direct exposure and urticaria (hives) from allergic response. Usually resolves with avoidance.
sneezing (aka sternutation) Health Terms: Reflex to clear nasal irritants including mold spores. Part of allergic rhinitis response. Often occurs in bursts when entering moldy environment.
sore throat (aka pharyngitis, throat irritation) Health Terms: Throat discomfort from postnasal drip or direct irritation from inhaled particles. Often accompanies other mold-related upper respiratory symptoms.
specific IgE test (aka RAST, ImmunoCAP, blood allergy test) Health Terms: Blood test measuring IgE antibodies to specific allergens. Alternative to skin testing. Can test for multiple molds. Not affected by antihistamines.
spirometry (aka pulmonary function test, PFT, lung function test) Health Terms: Breathing test measuring lung function. FEV1/FVC ratio diagnoses asthma and COPD. Used to monitor mold-related respiratory conditions and treatment response.
total IgE (aka serum IgE) Health Terms: Blood test measuring overall IgE level. Elevated in ABPA (often >1000 IU/mL) and severe allergies. Non-specific but useful for ABPA diagnosis and monitoring.
toxin (aka toxins, toxic substance) Health Terms: Poisonous substance produced by living organisms. Molds produce mycotoxins, though airborne exposure levels in buildings are typically low. See mycotoxins for details. Learn more
trichothecenes (aka trichothecene, T-2 toxin, DON) Health Terms: Large family of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, Stachybotrys, and others. Inhibit protein synthesis. Include DON, T-2 toxin, and satratoxins. Learn more
vertigo (aka dizziness, spinning sensation, lightheadedness) Health Terms: Sensation of spinning or dizziness. Some individuals report this symptom in moldy environments, though direct causation is not established. See a doctor if persistent. Learn more
VOCs (aka volatile organic compounds, MVOCs, microbial volatile organic compounds) Health Terms: Gases released during mold metabolism. Cause characteristic musty odor. Include alcohols, ketones, aldehydes. May contribute to sick building syndrome. Learn more
voriconazole (aka Vfend) Health Terms: Broad-spectrum antifungal, first-line for invasive aspergillosis. More effective than amphotericin B. Side effects include visual disturbances, liver toxicity.
wheezing (aka wheeze) Health Terms: High-pitched whistling sound during breathing. Indicates airway narrowing. Common in asthma and allergic reactions to mold. Learn more
zearalenone (aka ZEN, F-2 toxin) Health Terms: Estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium. Causes reproductive problems in livestock. Found in corn, wheat, and other grains. Learn more

Testing Terms

ACAC (aka American Council for Accredited Certification, Council-Certified Indoor Environmental Consultant, CIEC) Testing Terms: Certification body for indoor environmental professionals. Offers certifications including CIEC (Consultant), CMC (Mold Consultant), and CIE (Inspector). Learn more
AIHA-LAP (aka AIHA-LAP LLC, AIHA accreditation, EMLAP) Testing Terms: Laboratory accreditation program ensuring quality standards for environmental testing labs. Look for AIHA-LAP or EMLAP accreditation when choosing mold testing laboratories. Learn more
air sampling (aka air sample, air samples, spore trap) Testing Terms: Method capturing airborne spores for analysis. Types: spore traps (non-viable), culture plates (viable). Provides snapshot at sampling time. Learn more
borescope (aka bore scope, inspection camera, wall cavity camera) Testing Terms: Optical device with flexible camera for inspecting inside wall cavities, ducts, and other hidden spaces through small drilled holes. Used to detect hidden mold growth. Learn more
building inspector (aka housing inspector, code inspector, property inspector) Testing Terms: Official who examines properties for building code compliance. Can investigate mold complaints and issue citations requiring landlords to remediate. Part of code enforcement. Learn more
bulk sample (aka bulk sampling, material sample) Testing Terms: Small piece of physical material (drywall, insulation, carpet) removed and sent to lab for analysis. Provides definitive identification of mold species present on that material. Learn more
CFU (aka colony forming units, colony forming unit, CFU/m3) Testing Terms: Unit for viable (culturable) mold counts. Represents number of colonies that develop from sample. Underestimates total as not all mold cultures. Learn more
chain of custody (aka sample chain of custody, COC) Testing Terms: Documentation tracking mold sample handling from collection through laboratory analysis. Ensures sample integrity and is required for legally defensible testing results. Learn more
clearance testing (aka clearance inspection, final testing, verification testing) Testing Terms: Independent testing after remediation to verify mold was successfully removed and building returned to normal fungal ecology. Should use AIHA-LAP accredited laboratory. Learn more
conflict of interest (aka testing and remediation conflict) Testing Terms: Ethical concern when same company does testing and remediation. Testing company may overstate problem. Get independent assessment. Learn more
culture analysis (aka culture, mold culture, culturable analysis) Testing Terms: Laboratory method growing mold from samples on nutrient media to identify species. Takes 7-14 days but provides species-level identification that microscopy cannot. Learn more
destructive testing (aka invasive inspection, exploratory demolition) Testing Terms: Investigation method requiring cutting into walls, floors, or ceilings to access concealed areas. Should be done with containment. Used when hidden mold suspected. Learn more
DNA-based testing (aka DNA testing, PCR testing, molecular testing) Testing Terms: Mold testing method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify species by DNA. More precise than microscopy. Used in ERMI and HERTSMI-2 analysis. Learn more
efflorescence (aka white mineral deposits, salt deposits) Testing Terms: White crystalline deposits on basement walls caused by water carrying minerals through concrete. Indicates moisture intrusion. Often confused with mold but is mineral-based, not biological. Learn more
ERMI (aka Environmental Relative Moldiness Index) Testing Terms: EPA-developed DNA-based test using settled dust. Compares 36 mold species to calculate moldiness score (-10 to 20+). Research tool, not diagnostic. Learn more
HERTSMI-2 (aka HERTSMI, Health Effects Roster of Type-Specific Formers of Mycotoxins and Inflammagens) Testing Terms: Simplified ERMI focusing on 5 water-damage indicator molds (Aspergillus penicillioides, A. versicolor, Chaetomium, Stachybotrys, Wallemia). Learn more
hidden mold (aka concealed mold, mold behind walls) Testing Terms: Mold growing in concealed spaces (wall cavities, above ceilings, under flooring). Often detected by odor or symptoms. May require invasive investigation. Learn more
home mold test kit (aka DIY mold test, consumer mold test, mold test kit) Testing Terms: Consumer mold testing products sold in stores. Often unreliable since all homes have some mold. Lack outdoor comparison and proper quantification. Learn more
hygrometer (aka humidity meter, relative humidity meter) Testing Terms: Device measuring relative humidity. Essential for monitoring indoor humidity (target 30-50% per EPA). Digital versions often include temperature. Learn more
indoor amplification (aka indoor mold growth, indoor source, amplified mold levels) Testing Terms: When mold is actively growing and multiplying inside a building. Indicated by higher indoor spore counts than outdoor, or indoor-only species. Learn more
Indoor Environmental Professional (aka IEP, indoor air quality professional, mold consultant) Testing Terms: Qualified professional who assesses indoor environmental conditions including mold. Should be independent from remediation company to avoid conflicts. Learn more
indoor-outdoor ratio (aka I/O ratio) Testing Terms: Comparison of indoor to outdoor mold levels. Ratio >1 or different species composition suggests indoor amplification. Key interpretation metric. Learn more
micron (aka microns, micrometer, micrometers) Testing Terms: Unit of measurement equal to one millionth of a meter. Mold spores typically range 1-30 microns. Important for selecting proper filtration and respirators. Learn more
microscopy (aka microscopic analysis, microscopic examination) Testing Terms: Laboratory examination of mold samples under microscope to identify genus and estimate spore quantity. Faster than culture but cannot always identify to species level. Learn more
moisture meter (aka moisture reading, pin meter, pinless meter) Testing Terms: Device measuring moisture content in materials. Pin-type (invasive) or pinless (surface). Essential for finding hidden water damage and monitoring drying. Learn more
mold inspection (aka mold inspection service, mold assessment, mold evaluation) Testing Terms: Visual assessment (often with moisture meters or thermal imaging) to find mold and moisture sources. Sampling may be added when needed. Learn more
mold testing (aka mold test, mold sampling, mold analysis) Testing Terms: Collecting air, surface, or dust samples to identify mold types and concentrations. Best used to answer specific questions; not required when growth is visible. Learn more
musty odor (aka musty smell, moldy smell, mold odor) Testing Terms: Characteristic earthy smell from mold MVOCs. Strong indicator of hidden mold. Should always be investigated even without visible growth. Learn more
non-viable sampling (aka spore trap sampling, direct examination) Testing Terms: Testing method examining all particles (living and dead) under microscope without culturing. Faster results but provides genus-level identification. Most common method. Learn more
outdoor control sample (aka outdoor baseline, control sample, baseline sample) Testing Terms: Air or dust sample taken outside the building for comparison. Essential for interpreting indoor results since outdoor air naturally contains mold spores. Learn more
PCR (aka qPCR, MSQPCR, polymerase chain reaction) Testing Terms: DNA amplification technique used in ERMI and other mold tests. MSQPCR (mold-specific quantitative PCR) detects both living and dead mold. Learn more
peeling paint (aka bubbling paint, paint failure) Testing Terms: Paint that separates from substrate, often indicating moisture problems beneath. Common sign of hidden water damage. Should prompt investigation for mold. Learn more
pin-type moisture meter (aka pin moisture meter, resistance moisture meter) Testing Terms: Moisture meter using two pins inserted into material to measure moisture content via electrical resistance. Provides precise readings but leaves small holes. Learn more
pinless moisture meter (aka non-invasive moisture meter, capacitance moisture meter) Testing Terms: Non-invasive moisture meter using electromagnetic signals to scan material surfaces. Does not damage materials but readings are less precise than pin-type meters. Learn more
sagging floors (aka floor deflection, bouncy floors) Testing Terms: Floor that feels soft, bouncy, or slopes unexpectedly. Can indicate mold damage to floor joists or subfloor in crawlspace. Requires professional structural assessment. Learn more
seasonal variation (aka seasonal changes, seasonal mold levels) Testing Terms: Changes in outdoor mold levels throughout the year based on temperature, humidity, and precipitation. Important context for interpreting indoor air sampling results. Learn more
spore trap cassette (aka Air-O-Cell, Micro5, spore trap cassettes) Testing Terms: Collection device for non-viable air sampling. Air is drawn through the cassette, impacting particles onto a sticky slide. Common brands include Air-O-Cell and Micro5. Learn more
spores per cubic meter (aka spores/m³, spores/m3, raw counts) Testing Terms: Standard unit for airborne spore concentration (non-viable testing). No universal safe threshold exists. Compare indoor to outdoor. Learn more
surface sampling (aka tape lift, swab sample, bulk sample) Testing Terms: Methods to identify mold on surfaces. Tape lift (transparent tape), swab, bulk material removal. Identifies what's present but not airborne levels. Learn more
swab sample (aka sterile swab, swab sampling, surface swab) Testing Terms: Cotton or synthetic swab rubbed over suspected mold to collect samples from a specific surface area. Sent to lab for species identification and analysis. Learn more
tape lift (aka tape lift sample, tape sample, adhesive tape sample) Testing Terms: Surface sampling method using transparent adhesive tape pressed to a surface to collect mold samples. Confirms whether visible growth is actually mold and identifies species present. Learn more
thermal imaging (aka infrared camera, IR camera, thermography) Testing Terms: Camera detecting temperature differences that may indicate moisture. Wet areas appear cooler due to evaporation. Non-invasive screening tool. Learn more
thermo-hygrometer (aka thermo hygrometer, temperature humidity meter) Testing Terms: Combined instrument measuring both temperature and relative humidity. Essential for assessing indoor environmental conditions and mold growth potential. Learn more
urine mycotoxin test (aka mycotoxin urine test, urinary mycotoxin panel) Testing Terms: Laboratory test claiming to detect mycotoxins in urine. Not validated or recommended by CDC or major medical organizations. Results unreliable. Learn more
viable sampling (aka culture sampling, culturable sampling) Testing Terms: Testing method that cultures living mold to identify species. Takes longer than spore traps but provides more detailed species identification. Uses petri dishes or impactors. Learn more
visible mold (aka visible growth) Testing Terms: Mold that can be seen without magnification. EPA: visible mold should be removed regardless of species. Testing often unnecessary if visible. Learn more
water activity (aka Aw) Testing Terms: Measure of available water for microbial growth (0 to 1). Most molds need Aw > 0.70-0.80. Xerophilic molds can grow at lower Aw. Key for risk assessment. Learn more
water damage indicator species (aka indicator mold, water damage mold, group 1 mold) Testing Terms: Mold species strongly associated with water damage (Stachybotrys, Chaetomium, Fusarium). Their presence indoors suggests current or past moisture intrusion. Learn more
water stain (aka water stains, water mark, water damage stain) Testing Terms: Discoloration on surfaces indicating past or present water intrusion. May appear as rings, yellowing, or darkening. Should be investigated for mold. Learn more

Remediation Terms

10 square foot rule (aka 10 sq ft rule, EPA 10 square feet, small area guideline) Remediation Terms: EPA guideline: mold areas under 10 sq ft may be DIY-suitable for healthy individuals. Larger areas typically require professional remediation. Learn more
24-48 hour rule (aka 48 hour rule, 24 hour window) Remediation Terms: EPA guideline: dry water-damaged materials within 24-48 hours to prevent mold growth. Critical window for preventing contamination after water event. Learn more
air changes per hour (aka ACH, air exchange rate) Remediation Terms: Rate at which air in space is replaced. IICRC recommends minimum 4 ACH in containment during remediation. Higher for larger contamination. Learn more
air handler (aka AHU, air handling unit, blower unit) Remediation Terms: HVAC component that conditions and circulates air. Contains coils, filters, and blower. Mold in air handler can spread spores throughout entire building. Learn more
air mover (aka air movers, blower, fan) Remediation Terms: High-velocity fan used to accelerate evaporation during structural drying. Positioned to create airflow across wet surfaces. Used with dehumidifiers. Learn more
air scrubber (aka air scrubbers, AFD, air filtration device) Remediation Terms: Portable HEPA filtration unit. Filters air and can create negative pressure when exhausted outside. Multiple units for larger containments. Learn more
AMRT certification (aka AMRT, Applied Microbial Remediation Technician) Remediation Terms: IICRC certification for mold remediation technicians. Covers containment, PPE, removal techniques, clearance. Industry standard for mold remediation workers. Learn more
ANSI/IICRC S500 (aka S500, water damage standard) Remediation Terms: Standard for Professional Water Damage Restoration. Covers water damage categories and classes. Foundation for preventing mold after water events. Learn more
antimicrobial (aka antimicrobial treatment, biocide, fungicide) Remediation Terms: Chemical killing mold. EPA recommends against routine use. Does not address moisture. Dead mold still allergenic. Encapsulants may follow removal. Learn more
ASHRAE (aka American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) Remediation Terms: Organization setting standards for building ventilation, HVAC design, and indoor air quality. ASHRAE 62.1/62.2 standards define residential ventilation requirements. Learn more
attic (aka attic space, loft) Remediation Terms: Space between roof and ceiling. Prone to mold from roof leaks, inadequate ventilation, or bathroom exhaust fans venting into attic instead of outdoors. Learn more
basement (aka cellar) Remediation Terms: Below-grade level of a building. High risk for mold due to foundation moisture, condensation on cold walls, high humidity, and limited air circulation. Often requires dehumidification. Learn more
bathroom (aka bath, washroom) Remediation Terms: Most common mold location in homes due to high humidity from showers, poor ventilation, and frequent water contact. Exhaust fans should run during and 20-30 minutes after bathing. Learn more
bleach (aka sodium hypochlorite, chlorine bleach, household bleach) Remediation Terms: Common disinfectant ineffective on porous mold surfaces. Does not penetrate materials; water content may feed mold regrowth. Not recommended by EPA. Learn more
building envelope (aka building shell, thermal envelope) Remediation Terms: Physical barrier between interior and exterior (walls, roof, foundation, windows). Failures allow water/air infiltration. Proper envelope prevents moisture problems.
carpet pad (aka carpet padding, underlayment) Remediation Terms: Cushioning layer beneath carpet. Highly absorbent and difficult to dry. Often harbors hidden mold after water damage; typically requires replacement. Learn more
Category 1 water (aka clean water, Cat 1) Remediation Terms: Water from sanitary source (broken supply line, tub overflow). Initially poses no health threat. Can degrade to Category 2-3 if not addressed quickly. Learn more
Category 2 water (aka gray water, grey water, Cat 2) Remediation Terms: Water with significant contamination (washing machine, dishwasher, toilet overflow with urine). May cause illness. Time-sensitive cleanup required. Learn more
Category 3 water (aka black water, Cat 3) Remediation Terms: Grossly unsanitary water (sewage, flooding, toilet overflow with feces). Contains pathogens. Affected porous materials usually require disposal. Learn more
caulk (aka caulking, sealant) Remediation Terms: Flexible sealant filling gaps around windows, tubs, sinks, and other penetrations. Prevents water intrusion when properly maintained. Requires periodic replacement. Learn more
ceiling tiles (aka drop ceiling, suspended ceiling, acoustic tiles) Remediation Terms: Porous ceiling material common in commercial and basement spaces. Highly absorbent and prone to mold from roof leaks or condensation. Typically require replacement when moldy. Learn more
cellulose (aka cellulose material, cellulose-based) Remediation Terms: Plant-based material in paper, cardboard, drywall paper, wood. Preferred food source for many molds including Stachybotrys. High-risk when wet. Learn more
certified mail (aka certified letter, return receipt requested) Remediation Terms: Postal service with tracking and delivery confirmation. Used for legal notices to create proof that landlord received communication. Learn more
CFM (aka cubic feet per minute) Remediation Terms: Unit measuring airflow rate. Used to size exhaust fans (bathroom fans typically need 1 CFM per square foot) and air scrubbers. Important for proper ventilation design. Learn more
code enforcement (aka building code enforcement, housing code enforcement, code inspector) Remediation Terms: Local government department that inspects properties for building and housing code violations. Can investigate mold complaints and order landlords to repair. Learn more
coil cleaning (aka evaporator coil cleaning, AC coil cleaning) Remediation Terms: Cleaning the evaporator coil in HVAC air handler where condensation occurs. Dirty coils harbor mold and bacteria. Part of routine HVAC maintenance to prevent mold in ductwork. Learn more
cold bridge (aka thermal bridge, thermal bridging) Remediation Terms: Area where building materials conduct heat/cold, creating temperature difference and condensation risk. Common at window frames, studs, and concrete-to-framing transitions. Learn more
condensate line (aka condensate drain, drain line, AC drain line) Remediation Terms: Pipe draining condensation from HVAC system. Clogs cause water backup and mold. Should be flushed periodically. Common hidden moisture source. Learn more
condensation (aka moisture condensation, surface condensation) Remediation Terms: Water forming when humid air contacts cold surface. Common on windows, exterior walls, pipes. Creates moisture for mold growth. Prevent with insulation/ventilation. Learn more
Condition 1 (aka normal fungal ecology, Condition One, IICRC Condition 1) Remediation Terms: IICRC S520 classification: Normal fungal ecology where indoor mold levels are comparable to outdoor or unaffected areas. The goal of successful mold remediation. Learn more
Condition 2 (aka settled spores, Condition Two, IICRC Condition 2) Remediation Terms: IICRC S520 classification: Settled mold spores, fragments, or particulates present on surfaces but no visible active growth. Requires cleaning but not full remediation. Learn more
Condition 3 (aka active growth, Condition Three, IICRC Condition 3) Remediation Terms: IICRC S520 classification: Active mold growth is present. Requires containment, removal of affected materials, and proper remediation protocols. Learn more
constructive eviction (aka constructive eviction claim) Remediation Terms: Legal claim when conditions make unit uninhabitable, effectively forcing tenant out. Mold may qualify. Tenant typically must vacate to claim. Learn more
containment (aka mold containment, containment barrier) Remediation Terms: Physical barriers (polyethylene sheeting) isolating remediation area. Prevents spore spread. Required for areas >10 sq ft per EPA/IICRC guidelines. Learn more
continuous drain (aka gravity drain, hose drain, auto drain) Remediation Terms: Dehumidifier drainage option using a hose to a floor drain, eliminating need to empty collection tank. Enables unattended operation. Learn more
crawlspace (aka crawl space, crawlspaces) Remediation Terms: Shallow unfinished space beneath building. Prone to high humidity and moisture intrusion. Common site for mold growth. Often requires encapsulation. Learn more
cross-contamination (aka cross contamination, spore spread, contamination spread) Remediation Terms: Spread of mold spores from contaminated area to clean areas. Prevented through proper containment, negative air pressure, and worker decontamination procedures. Learn more
decontamination chamber (aka decon chamber, decontamination area, clean room entry) Remediation Terms: Transitional area between contaminated zone and clean areas during remediation. Workers remove PPE and clean up before exiting containment to prevent cross-contamination. Learn more
dehumidifier (aka dehumidifiers, dehumidification, LGR) Remediation Terms: Device removing moisture from air. Refrigerant, LGR (Low Grain Refrigerant), or desiccant types. Essential for maintaining 30-50% RH per EPA. Learn more
demand letter (aka formal demand, legal demand letter, notice to cure) Remediation Terms: Formal written notice from tenant to landlord citing habitability violations and demanding repairs by a deadline. Often sent certified mail. Learn more
dew point (aka dew point temperature) Remediation Terms: Temperature at which moisture condenses. Important for preventing condensation on cold surfaces. Keep surface temperatures above dew point. Learn more
downspout (aka downpipe, drain spout, gutter downspout) Remediation Terms: Pipe directing water from gutters away from foundation. Should extend 4-6 feet from building. Improper placement causes foundation moisture and basement mold problems. Learn more
drain pan (aka condensate pan, drip pan, HVAC drain pan) Remediation Terms: Tray under HVAC coils collecting condensation. Clogged or improper drainage causes standing water and mold growth. Regular maintenance prevents contamination. Learn more
drainage (aka foundation drainage, grading) Remediation Terms: System directing water away from building foundation. Includes proper grading (slope away from building), gutters, downspouts, and sometimes French drains. Critical for moisture prevention. Learn more
drip pan (aka refrigerator drip pan, condensate drip pan, drip tray) Remediation Terms: Tray under refrigerators and HVAC units collecting condensation. Standing water becomes mold growth source. Refrigerator drip pans are often overlooked and should be cleaned regularly. Learn more
drying (aka structural drying, dry out, drying equipment) Remediation Terms: Critical response to water damage. EPA: dry within 24-48 hours to prevent mold. Uses air movers, dehumidifiers, heat. Monitor with moisture meters. Learn more
drywall (aka gypsum board, sheetrock, wallboard) Remediation Terms: Common wall covering made of gypite between paper facings. The paper facing provides cellulose food source for mold. Usually requires removal when water-damaged. Learn more
encapsulation (aka encapsulant, mold encapsulation, crawlspace encapsulation) Remediation Terms: Coating to seal mold on surfaces or sealing crawlspaces/basements with moisture barriers. Mold encapsulants are not substitute for removal. EPA-registered products required. Learn more
exhaust fan (aka bath fan, ventilation fan) Remediation Terms: Fan removing humid air from bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry areas. Must vent to the outside (not attic). Should run during and 20-30 minutes after moisture-generating activities. Learn more
FEMA (aka Federal Emergency Management Agency) Remediation Terms: Federal Emergency Management Agency. Issues guidance on flood cleanup, mold prevention after disasters, and disaster recovery resources for homeowners.
fiberglass-faced drywall (aka fiberglass facing, paperless drywall, mold-resistant drywall) Remediation Terms: Drywall with fiberglass facing instead of paper. Resists mold growth because fiberglass is not a cellulose food source. Recommended for moisture-prone areas. Learn more
flashing (aka roof flashing, window flashing) Remediation Terms: Metal or waterproof material directing water away from vulnerable building joints. Found around roof penetrations, windows, and wall transitions. Failure causes water intrusion. Learn more
floor joists (aka floor joist, joists) Remediation Terms: Horizontal framing members supporting floors. In crawlspaces, susceptible to mold from ground moisture. Structural concern when mold-damaged. Learn more
fogging (aka mold fogging, antimicrobial fogging, biocide fogging) Remediation Terms: Spraying antimicrobial chemicals as mist/fog. IICRC S520-2024 discourages relying on fogging without physical removal. Does not address root cause or remove dead mold. Learn more
French drain (aka perimeter drain, footing drain) Remediation Terms: Trench with perforated pipe collecting and redirecting groundwater away from foundation. Interior or exterior installation. Common solution for basement water problems. Learn more
full-face respirator (aka full face respirator, full-mask respirator) Remediation Terms: Respirator covering entire face including eyes with replaceable filters. Provides highest non-powered respiratory and eye protection during mold remediation. Learn more
general liability insurance (aka liability insurance, GL insurance, contractor insurance) Remediation Terms: Insurance protecting remediation contractors and clients from property damage or injury claims. Minimum $1M coverage typically recommended for mold remediation contractors. Learn more
grading (aka site grading, foundation grading, soil grading) Remediation Terms: Slope of ground around a building. Proper grading directs water away from foundation (minimum 6 inches drop in first 10 feet). Poor grading causes basement moisture and mold problems. Learn more
grout (aka tile grout, grout lines) Remediation Terms: Porous material between tiles that absorbs moisture and provides food for mold. Bathroom grout is a common mold location. Requires sealing and regular maintenance to prevent mold growth. Learn more
gutter (aka gutters, rain gutter, downspout) Remediation Terms: Channel collecting roof runoff and directing it away from foundation. Clogged or damaged gutters cause water to pool near foundation, leading to basement moisture intrusion and mold. Learn more
half-face respirator (aka half face respirator, half-mask respirator) Remediation Terms: Respirator covering nose and mouth with replaceable cartridge filters. Provides better protection than disposable N95 masks for extended mold remediation work. Learn more
health department (aka local health department, public health department, county health department) Remediation Terms: Government agency that may inspect rental properties for health hazards including mold. Can issue orders requiring remediation. Authority varies by jurisdiction. Learn more
HEPA (aka HEPA filter, HEPA filtration, HEPA vacuum) Remediation Terms: Filter capturing 99.97% of particles ≥0.3 microns. Essential for mold remediation. Used in vacuums, air scrubbers, and respirators. DOE standard. Learn more
HVAC (aka heating ventilation air conditioning, HVAC system, heating and cooling system) Remediation Terms: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system. Common site of mold growth due to condensation and moisture. Can spread spores throughout building if contaminated. Learn more
hydrostatic pressure (aka water pressure, groundwater pressure) Remediation Terms: Pressure from groundwater pushing against foundation walls and floors. Major cause of basement moisture intrusion. May require drainage systems or waterproofing to address. Learn more
ice dam (aka ice dams, roof ice dam) Remediation Terms: Ridge of ice forming at roof edge that prevents melting snow from draining. Water backs up under shingles causing leaks and attic mold. Caused by heat escaping from attic. Learn more
IICRC (aka Institute of Inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certification) Remediation Terms: Industry organization setting standards for cleaning and restoration. Publishes S500 (water) and S520 (mold) standards. Certifies professionals. Learn more
IICRC S520 (aka S520, IICRC standard) Remediation Terms: Standard for Professional Mold Remediation. Establishes principles and procedures. Industry reference for remediation protocols. Updated periodically. Learn more
implied warranty of habitability (aka warranty of habitability, habitability) Remediation Terms: Legal doctrine requiring landlords to maintain rental units in livable condition. Severe mold may violate this warranty. Tenant remedies vary by state. Learn more
insulation (aka thermal insulation, building insulation, batt insulation) Remediation Terms: Material reducing heat transfer in building envelope. Cannot be cleaned of mold contamination; must be replaced if moldy. Common hidden mold location. Learn more
interior storm window (aka interior storm windows, inside storm window, window insert) Remediation Terms: Secondary window installed inside existing window to improve insulation and reduce condensation. Lower-cost alternative to window replacement for condensation control. Learn more
laundry room (aka utility room, laundry area) Remediation Terms: High-humidity area requiring proper dryer venting to outdoors (not into walls or attic). Common mold location due to moisture from washing machines and dryers. Learn more
lease termination (aka terminate lease, break lease, ending lease) Remediation Terms: Legally ending a rental agreement before expiration. May be justified by habitability violations like severe mold. Requires proper notice and documentation. Learn more
legal aid (aka legal aid society, free legal services, pro bono legal help) Remediation Terms: Free or reduced-cost legal services for low-income individuals. May help with landlord-tenant disputes including mold-related habitability issues. Learn more
MERV rating (aka MERV, Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value, MERV 11) Remediation Terms: Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value. Scale (1-16) rating air filter effectiveness at trapping particles. MERV 11+ recommended for mold spore capture. Learn more
moisture source (aka water source, moisture origin) Remediation Terms: The origin point of water or humidity enabling mold growth (leaks, condensation, poor ventilation, foundation seepage). Must be identified and fixed for successful remediation. Learn more
mold disclosure (aka mold disclosure requirement, disclosure laws) Remediation Terms: Legal requirement in some states for landlords or sellers to inform tenants/buyers of known mold history. California, Virginia, and other states have specific rules. Learn more
mold remediation (aka mold removal, mold cleanup, remediate mold) Remediation Terms: Process of containing and removing mold, cleaning or replacing materials, and fixing moisture sources to prevent regrowth. Often follows IICRC S520. Learn more
move-in inspection (aka move-in condition report, initial inspection, walk-through) Remediation Terms: Documented assessment of property condition when tenant takes possession. Photos and written report establish baseline for determining later damage. Learn more
N95 respirator (aka N95 mask) Remediation Terms: NIOSH-approved respirator filtering 95% of airborne particles. Minimum protection for small mold cleanup. Must fit properly. P100 for larger jobs. Learn more
negative air (aka negative air pressure, negative pressure, NPE) Remediation Terms: Lower pressure inside containment vs. surroundings. Created by exhausting filtered air outside. Ensures airflow into containment, preventing spore escape. Learn more
non-porous surface (aka non-porous material, hard surface) Remediation Terms: Materials that don't absorb water (glass, metal, hard plastic, sealed concrete). Can often be cleaned rather than replaced if moldy. Learn more
OSB (aka oriented strand board, chipboard) Remediation Terms: Engineered wood panel made of compressed wood strands. Used for sheathing, subfloors, and decking. Absorbs moisture and supports mold growth when wet. Learn more
ozone generator (aka ozone treatment, ozone machine, O3 generator) Remediation Terms: Device producing ozone gas marketed for odor/mold treatment. EPA warns against use in occupied spaces. Does not remove mold or address moisture. Learn more
P100 respirator (aka P100 mask, P100 filter, HEPA respirator) Remediation Terms: NIOSH-approved respirator filtering 99.97% of particles, oil-resistant. Required for larger mold remediation projects. Learn more
PAPR (aka powered air purifying respirator, powered respirator) Remediation Terms: Battery-powered respirator with blower forcing filtered air to user. Highest protection level for remediation. Used for large contamination. Learn more
pint capacity (aka pints per day, dehumidifier capacity, extraction rate) Remediation Terms: Measurement of dehumidifier moisture removal capacity in pints per 24 hours. 30-pint for small areas; 50-70 pint for basements and larger spaces. Learn more
plastic sheeting (aka poly sheeting, polyethylene sheeting, visqueen) Remediation Terms: Polyethylene film used for containment barriers. Typically 6 mil thickness for remediation. Seals work area to prevent spore migration. Learn more
plywood Remediation Terms: Engineered wood made of layered veneers. Used for subfloors, sheathing, and structural panels. More water-resistant than OSB but still susceptible to mold when chronically wet.
pollution liability insurance (aka environmental liability, mold liability insurance) Remediation Terms: Insurance covering mold-related claims. Standard general liability often excludes mold. Remediation companies should carry specific pollution liability coverage. Learn more
porous material (aka porous materials, absorbent material) Remediation Terms: Materials that absorb water and allow mold penetration (drywall, carpet, insulation, ceiling tiles). Usually require removal if moldy. Cannot be fully cleaned. Learn more
positive drainage (aka proper grading, drainage slope, positive grading) Remediation Terms: Landscape grading sloping away from building foundation (typically 6 inches drop in first 10 feet). Essential for preventing water pooling against foundation and basement moisture. Learn more
post-remediation verification (aka PRV, clearance testing, clearance) Remediation Terms: Testing after remediation confirming successful cleanup. Includes visual inspection, moisture readings, and often air sampling. Should be independent. Learn more
PPE (aka personal protective equipment, respirator, N95) Remediation Terms: Protective gear for remediation workers. Minimum: N95 respirator, gloves, goggles. Larger jobs: P100 or PAPR, Tyvek suit. Protects from spore exposure. Learn more
protected activity (aka protected right, tenant protected rights) Remediation Terms: Tenant actions legally shielded from landlord retaliation, including reporting code violations, contacting authorities, or requesting legally required repairs. Learn more
psychrometer (aka sling psychrometer, wet bulb) Remediation Terms: Device measuring humidity using wet and dry bulb temperatures. Used in water damage restoration to calculate drying conditions and monitor progress. Learn more
range hood (aka exhaust hood, kitchen hood, vent hood) Remediation Terms: Kitchen ventilation hood removing cooking moisture, grease, and odors. Should vent outside for effective moisture control. Recirculating hoods don't remove humidity. Learn more
relative humidity (aka RH, humidity) Remediation Terms: Moisture in air as percentage of saturation. EPA recommends 30-50% indoors. Above 60% promotes mold growth. Varies with temperature. Learn more
rent abatement (aka rent reduction, reduced rent) Remediation Terms: Reduction in rent proportional to diminished habitability caused by conditions like mold. May be court-ordered or negotiated. Learn more
rent withholding (aka rent escrow, withhold rent) Remediation Terms: Tenant remedy in some states allowing rent to be withheld or paid to escrow when landlord fails to address habitability issues. Specific rules vary. Learn more
repair and deduct (aka repair and deduct remedy, self-help repair) Remediation Terms: Tenant remedy in some states allowing hiring contractors to fix habitability issues and deducting cost from rent. Requires following specific procedures. Learn more
retaliation (aka landlord retaliation, retaliatory eviction) Remediation Terms: Illegal landlord action (eviction, rent increase) in response to tenant exercising rights (reporting mold). Most states have anti-retaliation laws. Learn more
ridge vent (aka ridge ventilation, continuous ridge vent) Remediation Terms: Ventilation opening running along the roof peak allowing hot, moist air to escape the attic. Works with soffit vents to create airflow that prevents condensation and mold. Learn more
right of entry (aka landlord entry, entry notice, access rights) Remediation Terms: Landlord's legal right to enter rental for inspections and repairs. Typically requires 24-48 hours written notice except emergencies. Learn more
rim joist (aka band joist, rim board, header joist) Remediation Terms: Structural framing member between foundation and first floor joists. Vulnerable to moisture from foundation contact. Common hidden mold location in basements and crawlspaces. Learn more
roof sheathing (aka roof deck, roof decking, sheathing boards) Remediation Terms: Plywood or OSB panels forming the surface to which roofing is attached. Common location for attic mold from condensation or roof leaks. Dark staining often indicates mold growth. Learn more
scope of work (aka remediation protocol, work plan) Remediation Terms: Written document detailing remediation procedures, containment, materials to remove, cleaning methods. Should be prepared before work begins. Learn more
sealing (aka grout sealer, caulk seal, foundation sealing) Remediation Terms: Applying protective coating to grout, caulk, or foundation surfaces to prevent water penetration. Regular sealing of bathroom tiles helps prevent mold growth in grout lines. Learn more
security deposit (aka rental deposit, damage deposit) Remediation Terms: Money paid by tenant at lease start as protection for landlord. Must typically be returned if tenant properly terminates due to habitability issues. Learn more
skim coat (aka skim coating) Remediation Terms: Thin layer of joint compound applied over entire drywall surface to create a smooth finish. Applied during drywall repair after mold remediation.
soffit vents (aka soffit ventilation, eave vents) Remediation Terms: Ventilation openings in the roof overhang allowing fresh air into the attic. Essential for proper attic ventilation. Blocked or insufficient soffit vents contribute to attic mold. Learn more
source removal (aka remove the source, source control) Remediation Terms: Fundamental remediation principle: remove moldy materials rather than just treating surface. Dead mold remains allergenic. Source must be addressed. Learn more
stack effect (aka chimney effect) Remediation Terms: Natural airflow in buildings where warm air rises and exits through upper levels, pulling replacement air in from lower levels. Can draw mold spores from basements and crawlspaces into living areas. Learn more
subfloor (aka subflooring) Remediation Terms: Structural sheathing (plywood/OSB) between floor joists and finished flooring. Can harbor hidden mold from spills, flooding, or crawlspace moisture wicking upward. Learn more
sump pump (aka sump, basement pump) Remediation Terms: Pump in basement pit removing collected groundwater. Works with drainage systems to keep basements dry. Requires maintenance and backup power for reliability. Learn more
tenant rights organization (aka tenant advocacy group, tenant union, renters rights organization) Remediation Terms: Nonprofit organizations providing free or low-cost legal advice and advocacy for renters. Can help navigate mold disputes with landlords and understand local housing laws. Learn more
third-party verification (aka independent verification, third-party inspection) Remediation Terms: Post-remediation assessment by party independent from remediation company. Avoids conflict of interest. Recommended for larger projects. Learn more
Tyvek suit (aka Tyvek coveralls, disposable coveralls, bunny suit) Remediation Terms: Disposable protective coverall made from spun polyethylene. Worn during mold remediation to prevent spore exposure. Disposed after use. Learn more
UV light (aka UV-C light, germicidal UV, ultraviolet light) Remediation Terms: Ultraviolet light installed in HVAC systems to kill mold, bacteria, and viruses on coils and in airstream. Supplemental measure for mold prevention but does not replace proper maintenance. Learn more
vapor barrier (aka vapor retarder, moisture barrier) Remediation Terms: Material restricting moisture vapor movement. Placement depends on climate (warm side of insulation). Improper installation can trap moisture. Learn more
ventilation (aka mechanical ventilation, exhaust fan) Remediation Terms: Air exchange to control moisture and contaminants. Exhaust fans in bathrooms/kitchens. ASHRAE standards for residential ventilation rates. Learn more
wall cavity (aka wall cavities, stud cavity, stud space) Remediation Terms: Space between interior and exterior wall surfaces. Common location for hidden mold due to concealed leaks. May require opening walls for inspection. Learn more
water extraction (aka water removal, extracting water) Remediation Terms: Removing standing/bulk water using pumps, wet vacuums, extractors. First step in water damage response. Reduces drying time significantly. Learn more
water intrusion (aka water infiltration, moisture intrusion, water ingress) Remediation Terms: Unwanted water entering a building through leaks, flooding, or condensation. Must be addressed within 24-48 hours to prevent mold growth. Learn more
weatherstripping (aka door seal, window seal) Remediation Terms: Material sealing gaps around doors and windows to prevent air and water infiltration. Helps control humidity by reducing moist outdoor air entry. Degrades over time. Learn more
wet/dry vacuum (aka shop vac, wet vac) Remediation Terms: Vacuum designed to extract water from floors and carpets. Essential for rapid water removal after leaks. Part of 24-48 hour emergency response. Learn more
WRT certification (aka WRT, Water Restoration Technician) Remediation Terms: IICRC certification for water damage restoration technicians. Covers water extraction, structural drying, dehumidification. Entry-level restoration credential. Learn more
zipper door (aka containment zipper, poly zipper, plastic zipper door) Remediation Terms: Self-adhesive zipper installed in polyethylene sheeting for entry/exit during mold remediation. Maintains containment seal while allowing worker access. Learn more

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