Mold Compass Free mold guidance and practical resources
Cleaning and removal of mold-affected materials

Cleaning vs. Removal

Knowing which materials can be cleaned and which must be removed is the core of proper remediation.

The Core Principle

EPA guidance emphasizes that porous materials with mold growth often need to be removed because mold can penetrate into the material. Non-porous surfaces can usually be cleaned if the moisture source is fixed.

Material Decision Guide

Usually Remove

  • Drywall and insulation
  • Carpet and carpet pad
  • Ceiling tiles
  • Particle board or pressboard
  • Paper products and cardboard

Usually Clean

  • Glass, metal, and tile
  • Solid plastic and laminate
  • Sealed concrete or masonry
  • Non-porous fixtures

Sometimes Salvage

  • Solid wood framing
  • Subflooring
  • Concrete or brick
  • Cabinet boxes (if solid and dry)

Small-Area Cleaning Steps

  1. 1

    Protect yourself

    Wear gloves, eye protection, and a well-fitted respirator.

  2. 2

    Isolate the area

    Close doors and reduce airflow to other rooms.

  3. 3

    Remove unsalvageable materials

    Remove moldy porous materials and seal them in bags before carrying them out of the work area.

  4. 4

    Damp-clean the surface

    Use detergent and water on hard, non-porous surfaces without creating airborne dust.

  5. 5

    Dry thoroughly

    Dry materials completely to prevent regrowth.

  6. 6

    Complete final HEPA cleanup

    After removal, damp cleaning, and drying, use a sealed true-HEPA vacuum to capture settled dust and debris.

Common Mistakes

  • Painting over mold without cleaning
  • Using bleach on porous materials
  • Skipping moisture repair
  • Leaving damp materials in place

When to Call a Pro

  • Large areas or multiple rooms
  • HVAC system contamination
  • Sewage or contaminated water
  • Health concerns or vulnerable occupants
  • Hidden mold behind walls or ceilings

Official Resources

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