Mold and Asthma

How Mold Triggers Asthma

Mold can trigger asthma through multiple mechanisms. Allergic response is the primary pathway: when people with mold sensitivity inhale mold spores, their immune system reacts, releasing histamine and other chemicals that cause airway inflammation and constriction.

Irritant effects also play a role, as mold spores, fragments, and the musty odors associated with mold growth can irritate airways even in non-allergic individuals. This irritant effect can trigger bronchospasm in sensitive airways.

Inflammatory compounds produced by mold, including volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), can contribute to airway inflammation. The mycotoxins produced by some molds are also under investigation for potential effects, though their role in typical indoor exposures is debated.

When mold triggers an asthma attack, symptoms may include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing, especially at night or early morning. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and potentially life-threatening.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing mold growth is crucial for asthma management. Humidity control is fundamental since keeping indoor humidity below 50% is critical for people with asthma because mold struggles to grow at lower humidity levels. Use dehumidifiers in damp areas and air conditioning during humid seasons.

Ventilation matters greatly, so ensure bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry areas are well-ventilated to remove moisture-laden air and reduce mold growth opportunities.

Address leaks immediately, as water intrusion from leaks, floods, or condensation must be fixed and dried within 24-48 hours using the steps in our guide on what to do after a leak.

Focus on high-risk areas by paying special attention to bathrooms, basements, and areas around windows where condensation can occur. Your bedroom deserves special attention since you spend many hours sleeping there, so keep it dry and clean.

Maintain HVAC systems by having your heating and cooling systems regularly inspected and cleaned, changing filters frequently, and considering higher-efficiency filters such as MERV 11 or higher. Be cautious with humidifiers, as while dry air can also irritate airways, over-humidifying can promote mold growth, so find the right balance for your situation.

Medication Considerations

Several medication-related factors are important for asthmatics dealing with mold exposure. Controller medications such as inhaled corticosteroids are the foundation of asthma management. If you are exposed to mold, your doctor may recommend adjusting your dose or adding additional controllers.

Rescue medications like short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) such as albuterol provide quick relief during attacks, so keep them accessible when in potentially moldy environments. Antihistamines may help if you have a mold allergy component to your asthma, as over-the-counter or prescription antihistamines can reduce the allergic response.

Nasal corticosteroids are useful for nasal symptoms and can help reduce overall inflammation and the postnasal drip that can worsen asthma. Leukotriene modifiers like montelukast (Singulair) may be helpful for some people with mold-triggered asthma.

Allergy immunotherapy (allergy shots) may be an option for people with documented mold allergies, though this is a long-term treatment that does not provide immediate relief. Always work with your healthcare provider before changing medications, and never stop prescribed medications without medical guidance.